Opportunity Zones were created by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act to encourage long-term private investment in distressed urban and rural communities. States nominated the zones, and the U.S. Department of the Treasury certified them. Today there are thousands of designated Qualified Opportunity Zones across every state, D.C., and five U.S. territories.
The program works by offering federal tax benefits to investors who put recent capital gains into a Qualified Opportunity Fund (QOF) — a fund that invests in real estate development or operating businesses inside a designated zone. The longer the investment is held, the greater the potential tax benefit. It’s a long-dated, illiquid strategy by design, with returns tied to the success of the underlying real-estate or business investment.